While long-term sun exposure and sunburns are the biggest risk factors for melanoma – the deadliest form of skin cancer – having a sibling or parent with melanoma does indeed increase your risk of getting it two to three times.
Each year, about 75,000 Americans are diagnosed with melanoma and around 10,000 people will die from it. While anyone can get it, those most often diagnosed are Caucasians, age 50 and older. And those with the highest risk are people with red or blond hair, blue or green eyes, fair skin, freckles, moles, a family history of skin cancer and those who had blistering sunburns in their youth.
Skin Exams
The best way you can guard against melanoma and other skin cancers (basal and squamous cell carcinomas) is to protect yourself from the sun and if you’re over age 50, get a full-body skin exam done by a dermatologist every year.
Self-examinations done every month or so are also a way to detect early problems. Using mirrors, check the front and backside of your entire body, including the tops and undersides of your arms and hands, between your toes and the soles of your feet, your neck, scalp and buttocks. Be on the lookout for new growths, moles that have changed or sores that don’t heal. Follow the ABCDE rule when examining suspicious moles.
Asymmetry: One half of a mole doesn’t match the other.
Border: The border is blurred or ragged.
Color: The mole has uneven colors, often shades of brown, tan or black, with patches of pink, red, white or blue.
Diameter: The lesion is new or at least a quarter-inch in diameter.
Evolving: The mole is changing in size, shape or color.
For more tips and pictures of what to look for, see SkinCancer.org or Melanoma.org.
There are places that offer free skin cancer screenings. Check with the American Academy of Dermatology (888-462-3376, aad.org/public/spot-skin-cancer), which offers screenings done by hundreds of volunteer dermatologists across the U.S. and the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (asds.net/skincancerscreening.aspx).
Sun and Exposure Prevention
Even though you can’t change your skin or family history, there are some strategies that can help.
When you go outside, slather on broad-spectrum SPF 30, water-resistant sunscreen on both sunny and cloudy days. If you don’t like the rub-on lotions, try the continuous spray-on sunscreens which are easier to apply and less messy. Also, seek the shade when rays are most intense – between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. And always avoid tanning beds
Clothing for Prevention
You can also protect your skin by wearing a wide-brimmed hat and long sleeves and pants when possible. The best clothing options are tightly-woven fabrics that help prevent the sun’s rays from reaching your skin, or you can wash an invisible shield into your clothes with SunGuard laundry additive (sunguardsunprotection.com). You can even buy a variety of lightweight clothing and hats that offer maximum UV protection in their fabric.
Treatments
If melanoma is caught and treated early, it’s nearly 100 percent curable. But if it’s not, the cancer can advance and spread to other parts of the body, where it becomes hard to treat and can be fatal. Standard treatment for melanoma is surgical removal. In advanced cases however, chemotherapy or radiation may also be used, along with a variety of new drug treatments.
Jim Miller publishes the Savvy Senior, a nationally syndicated column that offers advice for Boomers and Seniors.
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